Small Business Industries

Chloroform Lab: Introduction :           Chloroform is an important industrial product. There are two grade of chloroform. Anaesthatic amd technical grade chloroform or trichloromethane is at ordinary temp and pr. a heavy water , white volatile liq. Having a pleasant, etheric, non irritant odor. It is not flammable but the hot vapour in a mixture with vapourised alcohol burns with a green organic solvent & lightly soluble in water, chloroform decompose at ordinary temp in sunlight in the absence of air and in the dark when air is present boiling point of chloroform is 61.3 digri C. Manufacturing process :           There are three methods for making chloroform those are :-            1.   By chlorination of methane.            2.   From Acetone.            3.   By reduction of carbon tetra chloride.    a . By chlorination of methane.                  This process is the most important one . in fact the cholorinate process may so varrid as to product perponde

Diechlorophenol Manufacturing :                 2-4- Diechlorophenol is a white, low melting point solid, having a boiling point 210 digri and melting point 45 digri C. It has a flash point 237 digri F . It is highly combustible . It is soluble in water, alcohol and carbon tetra chloride.                  At present eight big company are engaged in manufacturing this product, beside few small scale units, So there is good scope to manufacturing this product in small scale sector. It is mainly used in organic synthesis. Most important use of this chemical is in the manufacturing of 2-4-D ( 2-4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid ) and its derivatives. Requirement Raw Material :(Basic 500 kgs. per day)                  Phenol                                   1250 kgs.                  Colorine                                  400 kgs. Manufacturing Process :              It is prepared by continued chlorination of phenol, with gradual elevation of the temperature above th

Paint Driers:               Paint driers include naphthenates, octoates, linoleates, ets. of lead, cobalt, magnese, zinc and calcium . The function of paint driers is to quicken the drying of paint films. A combination of drier is quite often necessary to include the desired drying/ film forming characteristics. In fact paint drier are backbone of paint industries. All the paint drier are being manufactured in India, use of naphthenates and octoates being most common.                 At present about twelve / thirteen companies are manufacturing paint drier in India. Since due to growth of paint industry and increase in use of paint drier will rise. So there is good scope for manufacturing paint driers. Raw Material Requirement:          a.  For lead naphthenates ( Basic I M T per day ).          1. Litharge                  840 kgs.          2. Naphthenic acid.   1680 kgs.                  b.  For cobalt  naphthenates ( Basic I M T per day ).          1. Naphthe

Lanolin Anhydrous Introduction :             It is colour less liquid, odour similar to that of bergamot oil and french lavender. It os soluble in alcohol and ether. It is used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical cream preparations, other uses include softening agent, in toilet soap manufacturing , as a rust preventive, in cutting oils and in lubricants. Market Position :          At present various small scale unites are manufacturing lanolin anhydrous beside seven/ eight big units. Because of its numerous and uses there is good scope to manufacturing this product. Requirement Raw Material :          1. Lanolin ( crude )                       2000 kgs.          2. Bleaching Powder.                      600 kgs.          3. Solvent ( Carbon tetra chloride) 400 Litters. Manufacturing Process :          Crude wool grease is treated with alkali to remove free acid present and washed with water to remove excess of alkali. Neutral fat is treated with hydrogen peroxide an

Benzyl benzoate manufacturing :  Introduction :              Benzyl benzoate is one of the important ester widely used in perfumery industry. Benzyl benzoate is extensively usedin medicines, and is an effective for chigger, a tropical flea burrowing into skin. Benzyl benzoate is also widely used in perfumery industry and is particularly valuable as fixative and as a solvent for synthetic musks. At present eight to ten units are manufacturing Benzyl benzoate besides various small sector organisation. With the fast expansion and rapid growth of pharmaceutical and perfumery industry, the prospects of manufacturing these product are very bright in the near future. Use & Scope :                   1. Fixative and solvent for musk in perfume and flavours.           2. Medicine ( external ) only.           3. Plasticizer and Miticide.          The esters characteristics by agreeable odours are use in perfumes, medicine and plasticizers. The ester benzyl benzoate is used a

Tartaric Acid Manufacturing Unit. Introduction :           Large quantities  of tartaric acid and its salts are consumed nowadays in the production of great variety of feed and drugs. Structurally tartaric acid contains tow hydroxyl and two carboxyl group attached to an ethane hydrocarbon system, processing two centres of a symmetry. It therefore exists in four different modification, namely :           Dextro- tartaric acid, Leavo tartaric acid, racemic tartaric acid, and meso tartaric acid.         Only dextro from occurs normally in nature. Tartaric acid is colour less in the from of white transparent crystals. It is odourless , having acidic taste. It is soluble in water, alcohol and ether. It is obtained in different grades like technical, crystalline, powder, and granular. in is used in various induatries like, ceramic, textile, in silvering mirrors, in colouring metals, as a sequestrant. Others applications include in baking powder, fruit esters, beverages, galvan

Hydrochloric Acid : Introduction :            Hydrochloric Acid was know as early as 800 A.D. Glauber prepared by heating a mixture of common salt and concentrated sulphuric acid in 1648. Presently called it marine acid while lavoisier named it as muriatic acid. It was davy who showed that it was a compound of Hydrogen and chlorine & renamed it HCL. Manufacturing Process :  Hydrochloric Acid is obtained by the action of hot concentrated sulphuric acid on common salt. Calculated quantities of common salt and concentrated sulphuric acid are reacted in the pan of salt cake furnace.                           NaCL+ H2SO4  -   Na HSO4 + HCL             Hydrochloric Acid gas produced as a result of the above reaction passes out through the exit of the top. Sodium bisulphate ( called salt cake) obtained in the reaction is removed from the pan mixed with common salt and heated strongly in the muffle.                             NaCI + H2SO4, -   Na2  SO4 + HCL      

Barium Sulphide  Introduction:             It is obtained in the form of yellowish - green or grey powder or lumps. It is soluble in water It is highly toxic by ingestion. It is widely used in dehairing hides, fire proofing agent, in manufacturing barium salt, and generating pure hydrogen sulphide for analytical purpose. When a saturated solution ( about 18% BaS) is cooled, a hydrated crystal , crystallizer out in hexagonal plates. It contains all non - volatile impurities in the Barite ore, and have a variable assay depending upon the purity of the ore used. Market Position :            Barium Sulphide is mostly used in leather industries. It is dehairing agent. So its scope is very much. In Channai demand of Barium Sulphide is increasing rapidly. Mostly leather industries are situated in Channai , Kanpur, Agra and Kolkata. Still being about approximate 30 to 40 unit of Barium Sulphite in India, The shortage of its have no strange. Requirement Raw Material :      

Barium Sulphate manufacturing unit: Introduction:                                                                                                                                                            Barium sulphate is the most important barium material. It occurs rather in pure state. It is white or yellowish, odourless, tasteless powder, soluble  in concentrated sulphuric acid. It has specific gravity 4.25, particle size 2-25 microns, melting point 1580 digri C. It is non toxic and non-combustible. It is used in weighing mud in oil drilling, paper coating, paint, filler and delustrant for textile, rubber, linoleum, oil cloth, plastics and lithograph inks, as a base for lake colours, X-ray photography, as an opaque-medium for gastrointestinal radiography.So Barium sulphate finds widespread use in the chemical industries. In pure from precipitate Barium sulphate is used as such in large tonnages in the paint use pigment industries. Market Position :           Barium s

Aluminium Hydroxide (Gel) Introducing :                      It is obtained in the from of white, gelatinous precipitate It has specific gravity about 2.4. It is soluble in acid and alkali but insoluble in water and alcohol. It is nontoxic, non combusible. It is use in water purification, water proofing fabrics, filtering medium, in manufacturing of aluminium salt. Others uses include manufacturing glass, sizing paper, ceramic glaze and medicine. Requirement Raw Materials:              The Raw Material require to produce 100 kgs Aluminium Hydroxide (Gel) are :                                                         1.   Sodium Carbonate.                 200 kg.                         2.   Ammonia alum.                       480 kg. Market Position:                  Since Aluminium Hydroxide of IP Grade has got various industrial uses, it has very good potential in the market. Consumption of Aluminium Hydroxide dyestuff and pharmaceutical industries and other in

ALUM – ALUMINIUM SULPHATE . Introducing :        The manufacture of alum entails just one step addissional to the alluminium sulphate process. A true alum is a double sulphate of  alluminium or cromium and a monovalent metal. It is soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol.It usually available in three grades, namely technical , pure and analytical reagent grade. Alum are use in water treament plant, sizing of paper, as a modern in dyeing, as decolourizer and de- odorizer in petrolium refinery process. Market Position :            Alum is one of the most inportant industrial heavy chemical.The largest consumption of Aluminium sulphate is in a water purification. Its clarifing action is attributed to Aluminium hydroxide formation by hydrolysis. In medicine Aluminium sulphate is used as an stringent and antiseptic. With the raid consumption of alum by serveral industries there wood be a shortage of Aluminium sulphate. Alum is an great export potentail also in the neighb